如果你是一个C#程序员,那么本文介绍的10个C#常用代码片段一定会给你带来帮助,从底层的资源操作,到上层的UI应用,这些代码也许能给你的开发节省不少时间。以下是原文: 1 读取操作系统和CLR的版本 - OperatingSystem os = System.Environment.OSVersion;
- Console.WriteLine(“Platform: {0}”, os.Platform);
- Console.WriteLine(“Service Pack: {0}”, os.ServicePack);
- Console.WriteLine(“Version: {0}”, os.Version);
- Console.WriteLine(“VersionString: {0}”, os.VersionString);
- Console.WriteLine(“CLR Version: {0}”, System.Environment.Version);
在我的Windows 7系统中,输出以下信息 - Platform: Win32NT
- Service Pack:
- Version: 6.1.7600.0
- VersionString: Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7600.0
- CLR Version: 4.0.21006.1
2 读取CPU数量,内存容量 可以通过Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI)提供的接口读取所需要的信息。 - private static UInt32 CountPhysicalProcessors()
- {
- ManagementObjectSearcher objects = new ManagementObjectSearcher(
- “SELECT * FROM Win32_ComputerSystem”);
- ManagementObjectCollection coll = objects.Get();
- foreach(ManagementObject obj in coll)
- {
- return (UInt32)obj[“NumberOfProcessors”];
- }
- return 0;
- }
- private static UInt64 CountPhysicalMemory()
- {
- ManagementObjectSearcher objects =new ManagementObjectSearcher(
- “SELECT * FROM Win32_PhysicalMemory”);
- ManagementObjectCollection coll = objects.Get();
- UInt64 total = 0;
- foreach (ManagementObject obj in coll)
- {
- total += (UInt64)obj[“Capacity”];
- }
- return total;
- }
请添加对程序集System.Management的引用,确保代码可以正确编译。 - Console.WriteLine(“Machine: {0}”, Environment.MachineName);
- Console.WriteLine(“# of processors (logical): {0}”, Environment.ProcessorCount);
- Console.WriteLine(“# of processors (physical): {0}” CountPhysicalProcessors());
- Console.WriteLine(“RAM installed: {0:N0} bytes”, CountPhysicalMemory());
- Console.WriteLine(“Is OS 64-bit? {0}”, Environment.Is64BitOperatingSystem);
- Console.WriteLine(“Is process 64-bit? {0}”, Environment.Is64BitProcess);
- Console.WriteLine(“Little-endian: {0}”, BitConverter.IsLittleEndian);
- foreach (Screen screen in System.Windows.Forms.Screen.AllScreens)
- {
- Console.WriteLine(“Screen {0}”, screen.DeviceName);
- Console.WriteLine(“\tPrimary {0}”, screen.Primary);
- Console.WriteLine(“\tBounds: {0}”, screen.Bounds);
- Console.WriteLine(“\tWorking Area: {0}”,screen.WorkingArea);
- Console.WriteLine(“\tBitsPerPixel: {0}”,screen.BitsPerPixel);
- }
3 读取注册表键值对 - using (RegistryKey keyRun = Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(@”Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run”))
- {
- foreach (string valueName in keyRun.GetValueNames())
- {
- Console.WriteLine(“Name: {0}\tValue: {1}”, valueName, keyRun.GetValue(valueName));
- }
- }
请添加命名空间Microsoft.Win32,以确保上面的代码可以编译。 4 启动,停止Windows服务 这项API提供的实用功能常常用来管理应用程序中的服务,而不必到控制面板的管理服务中进行操作。 - ServiceController controller = new ServiceController(“e-M-POWER”);
- controller.Start();
- if (controller.CanPauseAndContinue)
- {
- controller.Pause();
- controller.Continue();
- }
- controller.Stop();
.net提供的API中,可以实现一句话安装与卸载服务 - if (args[0] == "/i")
- {
- ManagedInstallerClass.InstallHelper(new string[] { Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location });
- }
- else if (args[0] == "/u")
- {
- ManagedInstallerClass.InstallHelper(new string[] { "/u", Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location });
- }
如代码所示,给应用程序传入i或u参数,以表示是卸载或是安装程序。 5 验证程序是否有strong name (P/Invoke) 比如在程序中,为了验证程序集是否有签名,可调用如下方法
- [DllImport("mscoree.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Unicode)]
- static extern bool StrongNameSignatureVerificationEx(string wszFilePath, bool fForceVerification, ref bool pfWasVerified);
-
- bool notForced = false;
- bool verified = StrongNameSignatureVerificationEx(assembly, false, ref notForced);
- Console.WriteLine("Verified: {0}\nForced: {1}", verified, !notForced);
这个功能常用在软件保护方法,可用来验证签名的组件。即使你的签名被人去掉,或是所有程序集的签名都被去除,只要程序中有这一项调用代码,则可以停止程序运行。 6 响应系统配置项的变更 比如我们锁定系统后,如果QQ没有退出,则它会显示了忙碌状态。 请添加命名空间Microsoft.Win32,然后对注册下面的事件。 . DisplaySettingsChanged (包含Changing) 显示设置 . InstalledFontsChanged 字体变化 . PaletteChanged . PowerModeChanged 电源状态 . SessionEnded (用户正在登出或是会话结束) . SessionSwitch (变更当前用户) . TimeChanged 时间改变 . UserPreferenceChanged (用户偏号 包含Changing) 我们的ERP系统,会监测系统时间是否改变,如果将时间调整后ERP许可文件之外的范围,会导致ERP软件不可用。 7 运用Windows7的新特性 Windows7系统引入一些新特性,比如打开文件对话框,状态栏可显示当前任务的进度。 - Microsoft.WindowsAPICodePack.Dialogs.CommonOpenFileDialog ofd = new Microsoft.WindowsAPICodePack.Dialogs.CommonOpenFileDialog();
- ofd.AddToMostRecentlyUsedList = true;
- ofd.IsFolderPicker = true;
- ofd.AllowNonFileSystemItems = true;
- ofd.ShowDialog();
8 检查程序对内存的消耗 用下面的方法,可以检查.NET给程序分配的内存数量 - long available = GC.GetTotalMemory(false);
- Console.WriteLine(“Before allocations: {0:N0}”, available);
- int allocSize = 40000000;
- byte[] bigArray = new byte[allocSize];
- available = GC.GetTotalMemory(false);
- Console.WriteLine(“After allocations: {0:N0}”, available);
在我的系统中,它运行的结果如下所示 Before allocations: 651,064
After allocations: 40,690,080 使用下面的方法,可以检查当前应用程序占用的内存 - Process proc = Process.GetCurrentProcess();
- Console.WriteLine(“Process Info: “+Environment.NewLine+
- “Private Memory Size: {0:N0}”+Environment.NewLine +
- “Virtual Memory Size: {1:N0}” + Environment.NewLine +
- “Working Set Size: {2:N0}” + Environment.NewLine +
- “Paged Memory Size: {3:N0}” + Environment.NewLine +
- “Paged System Memory Size: {4:N0}” + Environment.NewLine +
- “Non-paged System Memory Size: {5:N0}” + Environment.NewLine,
- proc.PrivateMemorySize64, proc.VirtualMemorySize64, proc.WorkingSet64, proc.PagedMemorySize64, proc.PagedSystemMemorySize64, proc.NonpagedSystemMemorySize64 );
9 使用记秒表检查程序运行时间 如果你担忧某些代码非常耗费时间,可以用StopWatch来检查这段代码消耗的时间,如下面的代码所示 - System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch timer = new System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch();
- timer.Start();
- Decimal total = 0;
- int limit = 1000000;
- for (int i = 0; i < limit; ++i)
- {
- total = total + (Decimal)Math.Sqrt(i);
- }
- timer.Stop();
- Console.WriteLine(“Sum of sqrts: {0}”,total);
- Console.WriteLine(“Elapsed milliseconds: {0}”,
- timer.ElapsedMilliseconds);
- Console.WriteLine(“Elapsed time: {0}”, timer.Elapsed);
现在已经有专门的工具来检测程序的运行时间,可以细化到每个方法,比如dotNetPerformance软件。 以上面的代码为例子,您需要直接修改源代码,如果是用来测试程序,则有些不方便。请参考下面的例子。 - class AutoStopwatch : System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch, IDisposable
- {
- public AutoStopwatch()
- {
- Start();
- }
- public void Dispose()
- {
- Stop();
- Console.WriteLine(“Elapsed: {0}”, this.Elapsed);
- }
- }
借助于using语法,像下面的代码所示,可以检查一段代码的运行时间,并打印在控制台上。 - using (new AutoStopwatch())
- {
- Decimal total2 = 0;
- int limit2 = 1000000;
- for (int i = 0; i < limit2; ++i)
- {
- total2 = total2 + (Decimal)Math.Sqrt(i);
- }
- }
10 使用光标 当程序正在后台运行保存或是册除操作时,应当将光标状态修改为忙碌。可使用下面的技巧。 - class AutoWaitCursor : IDisposable
- {
- private Control _target;
- private Cursor _prevCursor = Cursors.Default;
- public AutoWaitCursor(Control control)
- {
- if (control == null)
- {
- throw new ArgumentNullException(“control”);
- }
- _target = control;
- _prevCursor = _target.Cursor;
- _target.Cursor = Cursors.WaitCursor;
- }
- public void Dispose()
- {
- _target.Cursor = _prevCursor;
- }
- }
用法如下所示,这个写法,是为了预料到程序可能会抛出异常 - using (new AutoWaitCursor(this))
- {
- ...
- throw new Exception();
- }
如代码所示,即使抛出异常,光标也可以恢复到之间的状态。
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